Glaucoma: What It Is and How to Protect Your Vision

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often because of high pressure inside the eye. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss. The good news is that early detection and treatment can keep most people from going blind.

Symptoms and Early Warning Signs

Many people don’t notice glaucoma until the damage is serious. Common clues include blurry edges of vision, halos around lights, and sudden eye pain. Some types cause tunnel vision, where you lose side sight first. If you notice any of these changes, book an eye exam right away.

Regular eye check‑ups are the best way to catch glaucoma early. Your doctor will measure the pressure inside your eye (intra‑ocular pressure) and look at the optic nerve. Even if you feel fine, a yearly exam after age 40 can spot problems before they affect sight.

Treatment Options and Lifestyle Tips

Doctors treat glaucoma with eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery. Eye drops are the most common first line; they lower pressure by improving fluid drainage. If drops aren’t enough, laser procedures can open up drainage pathways without a cut.

For advanced cases, surgery creates a new channel for fluid to leave the eye. Your eye doctor will explain the risks and benefits of each option so you can pick what works for you.

Beyond medicine, a few lifestyle changes help keep pressure down. Regular exercise, especially walking or swimming, improves blood flow to the eyes. Limit caffeine, stay hydrated, and avoid activities that put sudden pressure on your head, like heavy lifting.

Eating foods rich in antioxidants—like leafy greens, berries, and fish high in omega‑3s—supports overall eye health. Some studies show that a diet low in salt can also help maintain normal eye pressure.

If you have a family history of glaucoma, be extra vigilant. Genetics play a big role, and early screening is crucial for relatives. Talk to your doctor about how often you should be checked.

Managing other health conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, reduces the strain on your eyes. Keep these conditions under control with medication, diet, and regular doctor visits.

Finally, don’t skip your follow‑up appointments. Glaucoma is a chronic condition, and treatment plans often need tweaking based on how your eye pressure responds.

By staying informed, getting regular eye exams, and following your doctor’s advice, you can protect your vision and keep glaucoma from stealing your sight.